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irritant contact dermatitis
Irritant contact dermatitis is a form of contact dermatitis that can be divided into forms caused by chemical irritants and those caused by physical irritants.
==Chemical irritant contact dermatitis==
Chemical irritant contact dermatitis is either acute or chronic, which is usually associated with strong and weak irritants respectively.〔HSE Guidance Notes. Guidance Note MS 24 - Health Surveillance of occupational skin disease. http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/ms24.pdf〕 The following definition is provided by Mathias and Maibach (1978): The mechanism of action varies. Detergents, surfactants, extremes of pH, and organic solvents all directly affecting the barrier properties of the epidermis. These effects include removing fat emulsion, defatting of dermal lipids, inflicting cellular damage on the epithelium, and increasing the transepidermal water loss by damaging the horny layer water-binding mechanisms and damaging the DNA, which causes the layer to thin. Concentrated irritants have an acute effect, but this is not as common as the accumulative, chronic effect of irritants whose deleterious effects build up with subsequent doses (ESCD 2006).
Chemical irritant are often strong alkalies as found in drain cleaners and soap with lye residues. Many other chemical compounds can also cause contact dermatitiis.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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